Of course, as time went on, sensor technology became cheaper, and the first commercially available full-frame DSLR was born as the Contax N. Nikon was eager to sell bodies, and marketing the new cameras as cropped sensors wouldn't have helped their cause. Even the Nikon D1, back in 1999, equated its new cropped sensor product to the F5 and F100, their 35mm film flagships at the time. APS-C, or cropped sensors, were born as a compromise between economy and quality. In order to have a shot in bringing this new product to market, the cost could not be astronomical. Why? Well, back when digital SLRs first started becoming popular, making full-sized sensors was cost-prohibitive. It allows you to understand and compare the coverage provided by different lenses and cameras.Perhaps the best place to start with this topic is to look back at an earlier technological marvel: APS-C. Think of equivalent focal length as a way to describe how the lens's field of view appears when used with different sensor sizes. Remember that the physical properties of the lens don’t change when you use it on different camera systems. This means that the lens on the APS-C camera will have a similar field of view to a 75mm lens on a full-frame camera. For example, if you have a lens with a focal length of 50mm and you are using it on a camera with a crop factor of 1.5, the equivalent focal length would be 75mm (50mm x 1.5). To determine the equivalent focal length of a lens on a camera with a particular sensor size, you multiply the actual focal length of the lens by the crop factor of the camera. A lens with a longer focal length will have a narrower angle of view, resulting in a more zoomed-in image. A lens with a shorter focal length will have a wider angle of view, allowing you to capture more of the scene in the frame. It determines the lens's magnification and angle of view. The focal length of a lens is a measurement of the distance between the lens and the camera's image sensor when the lens is focused at infinity. This comparison is made by considering the crop factor or the focal length multiplier of the camera's sensor. In photography, the term "equivalent focal length” (or equivalent focal width) is used to compare the field of view produced by a lens on a camera with a specific sensor size to the field of view produced by a lens on a camera with a different sensor size. Why? Because a full frame camera has a sensor that is the same exact size as a full frame of 35mm film. When digital photography arrived, the 35mm small format came to be commonly known as ‘full frame’. Small format referred to 35mm film, medium to any film 60mm wide, and large to 4x5-inch sheets. The terms small, medium and large format all stem from the days of analog photography. Can a ‘medium format’ sensor really be larger than a ‘full frame’ one? The answer is yes, and here’s why. Simple enough, right? But it gets a little more confusing when you look at the different kinds of sensor. This means that a bigger sensor can record more image data than a smaller one, producing higher-quality images. Photosites are light-sensitive spots that record whatever image data reaches them through the lens on the camera. The bigger the sensor, the more photosites it contains. The light projected onto the sensor is known as an ‘image circle’. In a digital camera, the recording medium is the sensor – a piece of hardware that captures light and converts it into signals that create an image. In a film camera, the recording medium is the film. A camera sensor is the recording medium in your camera.
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